« Queering the City »
Politiques de la sexualité et de l’intimité à Lourenço Marques (Mozambique), 1961-1982
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.51185/journals/rhca.2021.e557Mots-clés :
Lourenço Marques/ Maputo (Mozambique), vie urbaine, sexualité entre personnes de même sexe, intimité, culture transnationale, décolonisationRésumé
Les historiens ayant travaillé sur Lourenço Marques/Maputo, la capitale du Mozambique, ont particulièrement insisté sur les origines et le développement de la culture urbaine dynamique et cosmopolite de la ville depuis le début du XXe siècle. À partir d’un travail d’archives et d’entretiens, cet article a pour objectif de « queeriser » l’histoire de la ville, en replaçant les pratiques sexuelles, les désirs et les affects homosexuels dans le contexte d’une culture urbaine dynamique de la fin de la période coloniale, notamment de la vie nocturne de la fameuse Rua Araújo : une enfilade de bars, de boîtes de nuit et de cabarets située au centre-ville. Il s’agit de mettre en lien la vie urbaine locale et les évolutions transnationales liées au tourisme, à la migration et à la circulation des formes culturelles qui traversent la ville et son monde bohème. On suivra quatre groupes d’acteurs qui ont joué un rôle décisif dans la vie nocturne de Lourenço Marques et de ses géographies sexuelles : les « amants transactionnels », les soldats, les travestis et les touristes. On examinera ensuite les transformations subies par cette vie urbaine au lendemain de la décolonisation. L’objectif est de présenter une histoire plurielle, et nécessairement incomplète, de la façon dont des hommes se définissant comme homosexuels – ou bien des hommes engagés dans des relations avec d’autres hommes – ont investi la ville et transformé ses cultures urbaines.
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