Teachers’ critical reflection: what are the practices for social justice in education?

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51186/journals/ed.2021.11-1.e433

Keywords:

éducation primaire, élève d’origine immigrante ou réfugié, justice sociale, multiculturalisme critique, récit de pratique

Abstract

This article explores teachers’ participation in the school’s social justice system through the lens of the critical multicultural approach (May & Sleeter, 2010; May, 2000; 2003). Based on a research project about reconstruction and the theorization of teachers’ stories of practice (Desgagné, 2005) in a multiethnic context, data was collected from teachers in highly multiethnic primary schools in Québec. They were asked to narrate a story about a problem or an event with an immigrant or refugee student in their class. Four of these stories have been selected for this article. Our aim was to analyze the teachers’ cultural responses and their perception of their roles in supporting their students. Our analysis shows that although these teachers tend to make changes to their students’ reality, they cannot escape or contest “alone” the norms of an academic, societal and political system that governs its power relationships and privileges, its dominant norms and values.

References

Apple, M. W. (2011). Global Crises, Social Justice, and Teacher Education. Journal of Teacher Education, 62(2), 222–234.

Audet, G. (2011). L’interculturel en classe : pour une prise en compte de la spécificité culturelle dans l’intervention. McGill Journal of Education/Revue des sciences de l’éducation de Mc Gill, 46(3), 1-16.

Banks, J. A. (1997). Multicultural Education: Characteristics and Goals. In J.A. Banks, & C. A. McGee Banks (Eds.), Multicultural Education: Issues and Perspectives (pp. 3-31). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Banks, J. A. (2006). Improving Race Relations in Schools: From Theory and Research to Practice. Journal of Social Issues, 62(3), 607-614.

Bishop, R. (2010). Discursive Positioning and Educational Reform. In M. Stephen, & C. E. Sleeter, (Eds.), Critical Multiculturalism: Theory and Praxis (pp. 61-72). New York, NY: Routledge.

Boylan, M., & Woolsey, I. (2015). Teacher education for social justice: Mapping identity spaces. Teaching and Teacher Education, 46, 62-71.

Carlisle, L. R., Jackson, B. W., & George, A. (2006). Principles of Social Justice Education: The Social Justice Education in Schools Project. Equity & Excellence in Education, 39(1), 55-64.

Chan, A. (2011). Critical multiculturalism: Supporting early childhood teachers to work with diverse immigrant families. International Research in Early Childhood Education, 22(1), 63-75.

Desgagné, S. (2005). Récits exemplaires de pratique enseignante. Analyse typologique. Ste-Foy : Presses de l’Université du Québec.

Flynn, J. E. (2010). Discussing Race and Culture in the Middle-School Classroom: Scaffolding Critical Multiculturalism. In M. Stephen, & C. E. Sleeter (Eds.), Critical Multiculturalism: Theory and Praxis (pp. 165-176). New York, NY: Routledge.

Freire, P. (1970). The Adult Literacy Process as Cultural Action for Freedom. Harvard Educational Review, 40(2), 205-225.

Freire, P. (1971). Conscientisation. Recherche de Paulo Freire. Colmar : Éditions d’Alsace.

Freire, P. (1972). Education: domestication or liberation. Prospects: quarterly review of education, II(2), 173-181.

Freire, P. (1974). La pédagogie des opprimés. Paris : Maspero.

Freire, P (2001). Pedagogy of Freedom: Ethics, Democracy, and Civic Courage. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, INC.

Freire, P. (2018). Pedagogy of the oppressed (50th ed.). London: Bloomsbury Academic.

Giroux, H. (1988). Teachers as intellectuals: toward a critical pedagogy of learning. London: Bergin & Garvey.

Giroux, H. (2010). Rethinking Education as the Practice of Freedom: Paulo Freire and the Promise of Critical Pedagogy. Policy Futures in Education, 8(6), 715-721.

Giddens, A. (1987). La constitution de la société. Paris : Presses universitaires de France.

Grant, C. A., & Gibson, M. L. (2013). ‘The path of social justice’: A Human Rights History of Social Justice Education. Equity & Excellence in Education, 46(1), 81-99.

Gutstein, E. (2010). Critical Multicultural Approaches to Mathematics Education. In M. Stephen, & C. E. Sleeter (Eds.), Critical Multiculturalism: Theory and Praxis (pp. 127-138). New York: Routledge.

Kymlicka, W. (2010). État actuel de multiculturalisme au Canada et thèmes de recherche sur le multiculturalisme canadien 2008-2010.

Kincheloe, J., McLaren, P., & Steinberg, S. (2011). Critical Pedagogy and Qualitative Approach. In N. Denzin, & Y. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 163-178). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Koubeissy, R., & Audet, G. (2021). Towards critical teaching in a multi-ethnic context for a just integration of minority students. In V. Alves, & B. da Silva (Eds.), Access to Justice in the Americas (1st edition, pp. 419-442).

Koubeissy, R. (2019). Enseigner dans un milieu multiethnique : pratiques de soutien des enseignants auprès d’élèves immigrants. Québec, QC : Presses de l’Université Laval.

Ladson-Billings, G. (1999). But That’s Just Good Teaching! The Case for Culturally Relevant Pedagogy. Theory into Practice, 34(3), 159-165.

Lea, V. (2010). Empowering Preservice Teachers, Students, and Families Through Critical Multiculturalism: Interweaving Social Foundations of Education and Community Action Projects. In M. Stephen, & C. E. Sleeter (Eds.), Critical Multiculturalism: Theory and Praxis (pp. 33-46). New York, NY: Routledge.

Macedo, D. (2018). Introduction to the 50th Anniversary Edition. In P. Freire (Ed.), Pedagogy of the Oppressed (50th ed., pp. 1-33). London: Bloomsbury Academic

May, S. (1999). Introduction: Towards Critical Multiculturalism. In S. May (Eds.), Critical Multiculturalism: rethinking multicultural and antiracist education (pp. 1-10). London: Falmer Press.

May, S. (2000, April 24). Multiculturalism in the 21st century: challenges and possibilities. Presented at Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, USA.

May, S. (2003). Critical multiculturalism. In M. Peters, C. Lankshear, & M. Olssen (Eds.), Critical Theory and the Human Condition: Founders and Praxis (pp. 199-212). New York: Peter Lang Publishing Inc.

May, S., & Sleeter, C.E. (2010). Introduction. Critical Multiculturalism: Theory and Praxis. In S. May & C.E. Sleeter (Eds.), Critical Multiculturalism: Theory and Praxis (pp. 1-18). London: Routledge.

Mc Andrew, M., Audet, G., & Bakhshaei, M. (2016). Immigration and Diversity at School: An Assessment. In C. Kirkey, R. Jarett & S. Gervais (Eds.), Quebec Questions: Québec Studies for the 21st Century (pp. 297-315). Don Mills: Oxford University Press.

McLaren, P. (2011). Revolutionary critical pedagogy for a socialist society: A manifesto. The Capilano Review, 3(13), 61-66.

Mclennan, G. (2001). Can there be a ‘critical’ multiculturalism? Ethnicities, 1(3), 389-422.

Ministère de l’Éducation du Québec (MEQ). (2017). Policy on Educational Success, A Love of Learning, A Chance to Succeed.

Ministère de l’Éducation du Québec (MEQ). (1998). A School for the Future: Policy Statement on Educational Integration and Intercultural Education.

Nieto, S. (1999). Critical Multicultural Education and Students’ Perspectives. In S. May (Ed.), Critical Multiculturalism: rethinking multicultural and antiracist education (pp. 191-215). London: Falmer Press.

Nieuwenhuis, J. (2010). Social justice in education revisited. Education Inquiry, 1(4), 269-287.

Patton Davis, L., & Museus, S. D. (2019). What Is Deficit Thinking? An Analysis of Conceptualizations of Deficit Thinking and Implications for Scholarly Research. Currents, 1(1), 117-130.

Potvin, M. (2017). L’éducation antiraciste, inclusive et aux droits dans le développement des compétences professionnelles du personnel scolaire et des capabilités des élèves. Éthique en éducation et en formation. Les Dossiers du GREE, (3), 97-121.

Potvin, M. (2014). Diversité ethnique et éducation inclusive : fondements et perspectives. Éducation et sociétés, 1(33), 185-202.

Rhedding-Jones, J. (2010). Critical Multicultural Practices in Early Childhood Education. In M. Stephen & C. E. Sleeter (Eds.), Critical Multiculturalism: Theory and Praxis (pp. 73-85). London: Routledge.

Stokke, C., & Lybæk, L. (2018). Combining intercultural dialogue and critical multiculturalism. Ethnicities, 18(1), 70-85.

Vermersch, P. (2017). L’entretien d’explicitation. Paris : ESF Éditeur.

Downloads

Published

2021-12-22

How to Cite

Koubeissy, R., & Audet, G. (2021). Teachers’ critical reflection: what are the practices for social justice in education?. Education in Debate: Comparative Analysis, 11(1), 60–77. https://doi.org/10.51186/journals/ed.2021.11-1.e433