A discourse analysis of the influence of international organizations in Malaysia through complexity theory
Résumé
L’influence des organisations internationales sur les systèmes éducatifs nationaux s’est considérablement accrue ces dernières années. L’évolution du rôle des Etats-nations dans la gouvernance de l’éducation a permis aux organisations internationales non seulement de gouverner, mais aussi de réglementer les pratiques éducatives dans le monde entier. Afin de démêler les complexités du rôle croissant des organisations internationales sur les systèmes éducatifs nationaux, cette recherche s’intéresse à la Malaisie, un pays du Sud qui a récemment connu sa première transition politique. Appuyée par une analyse du discours étayée par le cadre de la théorie de la complexité, cette étude examine le Plan directeur de l’éducation malaisien, un document majeur de politique éducative, ainsi que 24 blogs et articles en ligne relatifs au système éducatif malaisien. L’analyse du plan montre que le pays fait un recours excessif aux standards de l’OCDE pour l’évaluation du système éducatif. De même, les résultats d’une analyse du discours des articles et d’un module d'apprentissage, le module de lecture PISA HEBAT, mettent en évidence l’influence du programme PISA de l’OCDE sur l’orientation de l’apprentissage de la lecture dans l’écosystème éducatif malaisien. Trois thèmes émergent de cette étude, à savoir la prise en compte sans critique des évaluations internationales, l’accent mis sur la décentralisation et la croissance du Baccalauréat international.
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