New insights on the depositional environment and dynamics of the lowermost Triassic in Svalbard: linking the Sørkapp-Hornsund High to western and central Spitsbergen

Authors

  • Valentin Zuchuat CSIRO Mineral Resources, Kensington, Australia and Geological Institute, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2029-6422
  • Julian Janocha Department of Geosciences, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway, Department of Arctic Geology, University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway, and Equinor ASA, Norway https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0327-9444
  • Hannah L. Brooks Geological Institute, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3772-7372
  • Stella Z. Buchwald Department of Earth System Sciences, Universität Hamburg,Hamburg, Germany https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3148-7226
  • Brian Beaty Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven CT, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6507-3428
  • Lidya G. Tarhan Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven CT, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5878-929X
  • Albina Gilmullina Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6187-9029
  • Morgan T. Jones Department of Ecology, Environment and Geoscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden and Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3047-0751
  • Anja B. Frank Department of Earth System Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8444-8440
  • Niko Lahajnar Department of Earth System Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
  • Lars Eivind Augland Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  • Beverly S. Felten Geological Institute, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
  • William J. Foster Department of Earth System Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9595-8195

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.57035/journals/sdk.2026.e41.2413

Keywords:

Svalbard, Triassic, Source-to-sink, Provenance, Continental environment, Shallow marine sedimentology, Basin dynamics

Abstract

The area now known as the Barents Shelf region was strongly impacted by the End-Permian Mass Extinction and a fundamental reorganisation of source-to-sink systems along the northern margin of Pangaea. Here we integrate new sedimentological, ichnological, chemostratigraphic, and provenance data from western Spitsbergen, collected at Festningen, Reinodden, and the Sørkapp-Hornsund High (Hornsundneset, southern Spitsbergen), to reconstruct the timing and drivers of Early Triassic basin evolution. At Festningen and Reinodden, the sharp but conformable transition from Permian spiculitic Kapp Starostin Formation strata to siliciclastic mudstones and sandstones of the Lower Triassic Vardebukta Formation coincides with the onset of the negative δ13Corg excursion. The Vardebukta Formation preserves seven stacked transgressive–regressive packages within an Induan-age interval of ca 1.2 to 1.6 Myr. Individual cycle durations (ca 177 to 225 kyr) are incompatible with a single dominant Milankovitch component and instead suggest bundling of orbital frequencies and/or strong autogenic modulation of accommodation and sediment supply. On the Sørkapp-Hornsund High, a 75 Myr hiatus above Mississippian continental deposits is terminated by a 10 to 15 cm thick bentonitic tephra bed linked to the Siberian Traps Large Igneous Province. This is overlain by Induan-age polymictic alluvial-fan and ephemeral braided-river conglomerates (Brevassfjellet Beds), on which limited but recurrent vegetation cover developed. Detrital-zircon age spectra from the conglomerates closely match published data from the Vardebukta Formation at Festningen and the Induan-age Parish Bjerg Formation in Greenland, indicating a shared north Greenland Caledonian source and direct sediment routing during the latest Permian and earliest Triassic. These continental conglomerates are capped by fossiliferous shallow-marine limestones of Dienerian age, which are then overlain by the coarsening-upward shelfal succession of the Vardbukta Formation. The timing of Dienerian flooding of the Sørkapp-Hornsund High is not aligned with any individual transgressive-regressive package in the Vardebukta Formation, implying that local tectonic subsidence of a promontory-like high, rather than eustatic rise, governed its transgression. This research refines the palaeogeographical and tectonostratigraphical evolution of the northern margin of Pangaea during the latest Permian and earliest Triassic.

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Zuchuat, V., Janocha, J., Brooks, H. L., Buchwald, S. Z., Beaty, B., Tarhan, L. G., Gilmullina, A., Jones, M. T., Frank, A. B., Lahajnar, N., Augland, L. E., Felten, B. S., & Foster, W. J. (2026). New insights on the depositional environment and dynamics of the lowermost Triassic in Svalbard: linking the Sørkapp-Hornsund High to western and central Spitsbergen. Sedimentologika, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.57035/journals/sdk.2026.e41.2413

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Some rights reserved 2026 Valentin Zuchuat, Julian Janocha, Hannah L. Brooks, Stella Z. Buchwald, Brian Beaty, Lidya G. Tarhan, Albina Gilmullina, Morgan T. Jones, Anja B. Frank, Niko Lahajnar, Lars Eivind Augland, Beverly S. Felten, William J. Foster

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