Cultures diplomatiques contemporaines des pays baltes : entre sécurité et idéalisme

Emilija  Pundziute-Gallois

doi:10.5077/journals/connexe.2020.e335

Auteurs

Emilija Pundziute-Gallois Université Vytautas Magnus, Kaunas (LT)

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.5077/journals/connexe.2020.e335

Mots-clés :

diplomatie, culture diplomatique, pays baltes, sécurité, idéalisme, néo-conservatisme

Résumé

Cet article vise à comprendre certains aspects du comportement des pays baltes sur la scène internationale en étudiant les particularités des pratiques des diplomates estoniens, lettons et lituaniens. Nous mobilisons le concept de « culture diplomatique » pour expliquer comment les diplomates baltes se situent dans l’environnement international. La culture suppose un certain cadre structurant et contextualisé du comportement social : les idées et valeurs communes, les façons de percevoir le monde, qui habilitent et contraignent les actions. Le concept de culture nous permet de discerner les spécificités des pratiques diplomatiques baltes.

L’article s’appuie sur une étude ethnographique des diplomaties baltes : une centaine d’entretiens qualitatifs conduits entre 2013 et 2019 ainsi qu’une année d’observation participante au sein du ministère des Affaires étrangères lituanienne entre 2015 et 2016. L’étude constate que les pratiques diplomatiques baltes sont marquées par une logique sécuritaire. Cette logique provient du contexte géopolitique et historique mais aussi de l’expérience vécue avec la Russie voisine depuis 1990, ainsi que le sens donné par les diplomates baltes aux relations avec la Russie. Les pratiques diplomatiques baltes sont aussi marquées par un idéalisme : une croyance aux valeurs libérales et démocratiques et un sens de la justice internationale, surtout dans la défense du droit des peuples à disposer d’eux-mêmes.

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